السبت، 24 أغسطس 2019

Rheumatoid is easy to repeat, need to adhere to standardized treatment

“A lot of people mention rheumatoid arthritis, and they will be associated with 'incurable disease'. Indeed, rheumatoid is a chronic disease with a long course of disease, and the condition is extremely easy to repeat. If it is not treated in time, it will eventually progress. Aggravation or even disability to death; but in fact, with the advancement of medicine, if the standard system is diagnosed and treated, most rheumatoid diseases can achieve long-term clinical remission."
Director of the Department of Rheumatology, Yiling Hospital, Hebei Province, said that rheumatoid arthritis is a common systemic autoimmune disease characterized by symmetry, chronic, progressive, facet joint polyarthritis. Can be morbid, but more common in women aged 40-50, mostly chronic onset. However, there are individual differences in the course of the disease, from transient mild arthritis to progressive polyarthritis, often accompanied by prodromal symptoms such as fatigue, hypothermia, loss of appetite, etc., may involve the affected joints (finger, metacarpophalangeal, wrist) Etc.) swelling and pain, limited mobility and deformity, can also affect multiple systems of multiple organs throughout the body, such as pleurisy, pulmonary interstitial lesions.
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Rheumatoid is basically a lifelong disease that cannot be cured, but it can be completely diagnosed and treated to achieve long-term clinical remission. That is, the clinical symptoms disappeared, and the laboratory activity indicators returned to normal. Therefore, Director Jiang Fubin said that once multiple joint pains are found, they should go to the rheumatology and immunology department of a regular hospital as soon as possible. If a rheumatoid disease is diagnosed, the individualized, diagnosis and treatment of chronic disease management should be adopted. The system integrates the pedicure procedure and strengthens the management and treatment. The doctors and patients cooperate well, which can achieve long-term clinical relief, self-care, and normal participation in daily social work.

الثلاثاء، 20 أغسطس 2019

Common symptoms of nephrotic syndrome

A large amount of proteinuria 
A large amount of proteinuria is the most important clinical manifestation of NS patients, and it is also the most basic pathophysiological mechanism of nephrotic syndrome. A large amount of proteinuria refers to the amount of urine protein excretion in adults>; 3.5g/d. Under normal physiological conditions, the glomerular filtration membrane has a molecular barrier and a charge barrier, resulting in an increase in the protein content of the original urine, which forms a large amount of proteinuria when it far exceeds the absorption of the proximal convoluted tubule. On this basis, any increase in glomerular pressure and high perfusion, high filtration factors (such as high blood pressure, high protein diet or a large amount of plasma protein infusion) can aggravate the discharge of urinary protein.
Hypoproteinemia
Plasma albumin decreased to <; 30g / L. At the time of NS, a large amount of albumin is lost from the urine, promoting the compensatory synthesis of albumin liver and the increase of renal tubular decomposition. Hypoalbuminemia occurs when the increase in liver albumin synthesis is insufficient to overcome loss and breakdown. In addition, patients with NS due to gastrointestinal mucosal edema caused by diet, insufficient protein intake, malabsorption or loss, is also a cause of aggravation of hypoalbuminemia. In addition to plasma albumin reduction, certain immunoglobulins (such as IgG) and complement components, anticoagulant and fibrinolytic factors, metal-binding proteins and endocrine-binding proteins in plasma can also be reduced, especially large amounts of proteinuria, glomeruli. Significant pathological damage and non-selective proteinuria are more pronounced. Patients are prone to complications such as infection, hypercoagulability, trace element deficiency, endocrine disorders and immune dysfunction.any question , you can contact with us
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Edema In the NS, 
hypoalbuminemia and plasma colloid osmotic pressure decrease, so that water enters the interstitial space from the vascular lumen, which is the basic cause of NS edema. Recent studies have shown that about 50% of patients with normal or increased blood volume, plasma renin levels are normal or decreased, suggesting that some of the primary in the kidney sodium, water retention factors play a role in the mechanism of NS edema.
Hyperlipidemia
The cause of NS with hyperlipidemia has not yet been fully elucidated. High cholesterol and/or hypertriglyceridemia, increased concentrations of LDL, VLDL, and lipoprotein (α) in serum, often coexisting with hypoproteinemia. Hypercholesterolemia is mainly due to an increase in hepatic synthetic lipoproteins, but a reduction in decomposition in the peripheral circulation also plays a part. Hypertriglyceridemia is mainly caused by catabolic disorders, and increased liver synthesis is a secondary factor.

The cause of nephrotic syndrome

It can be caused by a variety of causes, with a increase in glomerular basement membrane permeability, which is characterized by a large group of clinical syndromes of proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, high edema, and hyperlipidemia. It is divided into three categories: primary, secondary and hereditary. Primary NS is a primary glomerular disease with multiple pathological types.
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) can be caused by a variety of causes, with increased glomerular basement membrane permeability, manifested as a group of clinical syndromes with large amounts of proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, high edema, and hyperlipidemia. According to the different causes, it can be divided into three categories: primary, secondary and hereditary. Primary NS belongs to primary glomerular disease and has many pathological types.
Primary: minimally pathological nephropathy
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Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, minimally pathological nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, mesangial capillary glomerulonephritis
Membrane nephropathy secondary: allergic purpura nephritis hepatitis B virus associated nephritis systemic lupus erythematosus nephritis
Systemic lupus erythematosus nephritis, allergic purpura nephritis, hepatitis B virus-associated nephritis Diabetic nephropathy, renal amyloidosis, myeloma nephritis, lymphoma or solid tumor nephropathy
The most basic features are a large number of proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, (high) edema and hyperlipidemia, the so-called "three highs and one low", and a group of clinical syndromes characterized by other metabolic disorders.
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